Everything and More: A Compact History of Infinity (Great Discoveries)

One of the outstanding voices of his generation, David Foster Wallace has won a large and devoted following for the intellectual ambition and bravura style of his fiction and essays. Now he brings his considerable talents to the history of one of math's most enduring puzzles: the seemingly paradoxical nature of infinity.

Is infinity a valid mathematical property or a meaningless abstraction? The nineteenth-century mathematical genius Georg Cantor's answer to this question not only surprised him but also shook the very foundations upon which math had been built. Cantor's counterintuitive discovery of a progression of larger and larger infinities created controversy in his time and may have hastened his mental breakdown, but it also helped lead to the development of set theory, analytic philosophy, and even computer technology.

Smart, challenging, and thoroughly rewarding, Wallace's tour de force brings immediate and high-profile recognition to the bizarre and fascinating world of higher mathematics.

About the series:Great Discoveries brings together renowned writers from diverse backgrounds to tell the stories of crucial scientific breakthroughs—the great discoveries that have gone on to transform our view of the world.

Wallace starts his good-humored and sympathetic tone from the beginning: His "Small But Necessary Foreword" begins, "Unfortunately, this is a Foreword you have to read." There are plenty of footnotes, but half of them are marked "IYI": "If You're Interested," as are many of the paragraphs in the main text (along with "Semi-IYI"). In a history composed of increasing mathematical rigor, Wallace jokes and uses slang. Much of the history has to do with trying to solve the paradoxes of Zeno, like the one about how you can ever get to the other side of the street when you first have to go halfway, then half of the rest of the way, then half of that, and so on. The paradoxes were curious, but when supremely useful calculus came along, the infinitesimals used had never been rigorously defined. It was not until Georg Cantor showed how to deal with infinities as real mathematical entities that calculus had a mathematical foundation. He showed that infinities could be compared, and some infinities were larger than others. The proofs of these ideas (about one of which a mathematician said, "I see it, but I don't believe it!") gave calculus roots, but also gave rise to questions that eventually shook all of mathematics to its foundations.

Wallace doesn't get much into Gödel and his eventual Incompleteness Theorem, and it is just as well. There is enough excitement here, at least exciting for anyone who finds paradoxes a charming way to make the neurons spin. Admittedly, he has included equations and propositions full of Greek letters and advanced functions that only math buffs will absorb. He says of Weierstrass's demonstration of continuity, for instance: "There's a reason this all looks so hideously abstract: it _is_ hideously abstract." The substance is tough going, but there is enough style here, in jokes, curious illustrations, and piquant asides, to make this a fascinating show of intellectual prowess.


A Tantalizing Tradeoff   November 17, 2003
Daniel Myers (Greenville, SC USA)
38 out of 43 found this review helpful

I think the first thing to be said of this book (or booklet, as Wallace recurrently refers to it) is that it's rather a lark to read. This will surprise no reader familiar with Wallace's literary and critical works. But, unlike his previous works, this one deals with extremely (towards the end) technical mathematics which the author is obliged to gloss over.-Quite a contrast to, say, Infinite Jest.

I was, by turns, frustrated with this lack of rigour, and appreciative of it. I can't put it better than Wallace does in a footnote on pp.220-221, "Rhetoricwise, let's concede one more time that if we were after technical rigor rather than general appreciation, all these sort of connections would be fully traced out/discussed, though of course then this whole booklet would be much longer and harder and the readerly-background-and-patience bar set a great deal higher. So, it's all a continuous series of tradeoffs." - Informed readers take note of his use of the term "continuous series" here!

Thus, Wallace does the best that I think any writer could in walking the tightrope between over-the-top technical mare's nests which only a few members of the faculty at Mathematics departments (and a few autodidacts) could grasp, and what he derides as the "Pop" accounts of such things as the development of Set Theory.-So, nobody, including Wallace, and myself, is going to be completely satisfied. While not a complete technical purist, I do wish he'd chosen to be more technical in some parts and less so in others. As a former student who has always wished his "formal" training in Mathematics went further that first year college Calculus (though I later worked my way through more advanced textbooks on my own), I was genuinely interested in the technical illuminations this book might provide. On the other hand, as an appreciator of fine writing, I know the two do not go hand in glove.

So, in the end, I should say that this book is as good a "tradeoff" as you're going to find. I was pleased to see that Wallace's wit and style haven't suffered from the subject matter. He rather resembles, in this respect, another writer who is more often quoted herein than any other for, as Wallace terms it alliteratively, his "pellucid prose": to wit, Bertrand Russell, a mathematician of first order, whose renegade life and pixie wit served him well throughout his (as Wallace puts it, wryly, in the penultimate footnote of the "booklet") long, distinguished life. Let's hope Wallace's life and output are equally as long and energetic.


A Good Read   December 6, 2003
Vince T (Brooklyn, New York USA)
11 out of 12 found this review helpful

Sorry if this book is an affront to some "Harvard" scholars and "PhD physicists" (or those that pretend to be the above) but for people in the real word, alas I am a lowly engineer, this book is a lot of FUN TO READ. It could even encourage some readers to want to learn more about the topic. I don't understand why some math and science professionals are always insulted when non-science writers, especially one as talented as David Foster Wallace, try their hand at writing on math and science. Wallace doesn't pretend to be an "expert" but he knows how to keep us interested and, yes, sometimes inspire us. He provides a detailed bibiliography for those who want to learn more. Best popular math book I've read since Paul Hoffman's, The Man Who Loved Only Numbers and David Ruelle's, Chance and Chaos.


Not an explanation, a discussion   December 9, 2006
Bernard Finucane (Germany)
8 out of 9 found this review helpful

This book is a fun discussion for smart people who (more or less) already know the story or like to think they do. It is not the best way to get started on the topic.

I enjoyed the philosophical part where he argues that Cantor topedoes Thomas Aquinas, and thus the foundations of Christian theology. Really thought provoking.

It would have been good to expand the discussion to include the whole Axiom of Choice mess.